鋁酸鎂(MgAl2O4)是一種重要的尖晶石型氧化物,其結(jié)構(gòu)通式為AB2O4
鋁酸鎂的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和能帶結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,具有較高的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定和熱穩(wěn)定性、高催化活性、低密度和無(wú)毒等特點(diǎn),在許多領(lǐng)域有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[1~6]
MgAl2O4具有較強(qiáng)的抗輻照性能,是未來(lái)空間站照明系統(tǒng)的候選發(fā)光基質(zhì)材料[7]
但是,MgAl2O4的帶隙較大,是一種非自激活材料
MgAl2O4只能在強(qiáng)紫外或激光光源下激發(fā)出現(xiàn)熒光發(fā)射峰,極大地限制了其在發(fā)光領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用[8]
因此,改善MgAl2O4的發(fā)光性能并拓展它的應(yīng)用范圍有重要的意義
目前,提高M(jìn)gAl2O4發(fā)光性能的方法主要有三種
一是引入金屬氧化物構(gòu)成特殊的能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)以提高電子空穴對(duì)的復(fù)合幾率,從而改善MgAl2O4的發(fā)光性能[5,9];二是引入合適的激活離子如
稀土元素、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、C、N等,或基于能量傳遞原理同時(shí)引入多種離子增強(qiáng)的MgAl2O4的發(fā)光性能[5,10,11];三是用離子輻照引入缺陷,改善MgAl2O4的發(fā)光性能[12,13]
近年來(lái),發(fā)展了一種用金屬顆粒與半導(dǎo)體氧化物復(fù)合增強(qiáng)主晶格材料發(fā)光或其它物理化學(xué)性能的新方法[14~17]
本文用微波輔助聚丙烯酰胺凝膠法合成 MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉,研究燒結(jié)溫度對(duì)MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉相結(jié)構(gòu)、官能團(tuán)、顏色、光吸收能力、能帶值及發(fā)光性能的影響,并基于能帶理論研究在MgAl2O4中引入鎂顆粒后主晶格材料熒光的淬滅和出現(xiàn)新熒光發(fā)射峰的機(jī)理
1 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法1.1 材料的合成
將適量的鎂粉加入20 mL的去離子水中,在室溫超聲30 min后得到A溶液
將適量的三氯化鋁和硝酸鎂依次添加到裝有20 mL去離子水的燒杯中,超聲30 min后得到B溶液
將B溶液倒入裝有A溶液的燒杯中,在持續(xù)超聲條件下逐次加入4.7282 g檸檬酸、20 g葡萄糖、9.5958 g丙烯酰胺和1.9192 g亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺
上述溶液混合均勻后燒杯轉(zhuǎn)移到帶升溫裝置的攪拌器上進(jìn)行升溫,在80℃持續(xù)攪拌以使丙烯酰胺和亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺聚合,得到果凍狀凝膠
將果凍狀凝膠轉(zhuǎn)移至120℃干燥箱中干燥24 h,得到黑色干凝膠
將干凝膠研磨成粉
將部分粉末分別在600、700、800、900和1000℃燒結(jié)5 h,得到目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物-MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉
MgAl2O4與Mg粉的質(zhì)量比為9:1
MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的制備流程,如圖1所示
圖1MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的制備流程
Fig.1Chemical route for the preparation of MgAl2O4:Mg phosphors.
1.2 材料的表征
使用DX-2700型X射線粉末衍射儀分析MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的相結(jié)構(gòu)和純度,測(cè)試波長(zhǎng)為0.15406 nm,操作電流為30 mA,操作電壓為40 kV
使用IFS 66 v/S型傅里葉紅外光譜以測(cè)量MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的紅外光譜,測(cè)試波數(shù)范圍為400~4000 cm-1
用ULTRA 55型場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡表征MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的表面形貌
使用紫外可見分光光度計(jì)在積分球附件上測(cè)量MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的紫外可見漫反射光譜
使用He-Cd激光器在共聚焦拉曼光譜系統(tǒng)上室溫采集MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的的熒光光譜,激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)為325 nm
采用He-Cd激光器(325 nm)作為激發(fā)光源,在室溫測(cè)量了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的熒光光譜
2 結(jié)果和討論2.1 XRD分析
金屬顆粒和燒結(jié)溫度對(duì)MgAl2O4的相純度有較大影響
將MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié),其產(chǎn)物的XRD圖譜如圖2所示
由圖2可知,在600℃煅燒MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末,得到的樣品為非晶態(tài),與在600℃煅燒MgAl2O4干凝膠粉體得到的產(chǎn)物結(jié)果一致[7]
將MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在700℃燒結(jié),開始出現(xiàn)立方相的MgAl2O4的衍射峰,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JCPDS卡片號(hào)為21-1152
衍射角在31.265、36.851、44.829、55.655、59.370、65.239和78.401o對(duì)應(yīng)的晶面指數(shù)分別為(220)、(311)、(400)、(422)、(511)、(440)和(622)
隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高,衍射峰的強(qiáng)度逐漸增強(qiáng)
燒結(jié)溫度達(dá)到900℃時(shí)出現(xiàn)MgO的衍射峰,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JCPDS卡片號(hào)為30-0794
燒結(jié)溫度為1000℃時(shí)MgAl2O4和MgO(□)的衍射峰被進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)
由此可見,當(dāng)燒結(jié)溫度達(dá)到900℃或以上時(shí),
鎂金屬顆粒容易氧化為MgO
在低溫?zé)Y(jié)過(guò)程中未觀察到Mg金屬顆粒的衍射峰,其主要原因:一是Mg金屬顆粒的含量不高,Mg金屬顆粒很容易被包覆在厚厚的MgAl2O4前驅(qū)體殼層內(nèi),測(cè)量時(shí)X射線穿透深度不一定能達(dá)到可測(cè)范圍;但是,隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高M(jìn)gAl2O4的結(jié)晶度提高,其它有機(jī)物雜質(zhì)減少,甚至Mg金屬顆粒出現(xiàn)氧化;二是Mg金屬顆粒的主峰集中在2θ=32.193°和36.619°,這些衍射峰幾乎與MgAl2O4的衍射峰重合,導(dǎo)致未觀察到Mg金屬顆粒的衍射峰
從圖2還可以看出,金屬顆粒和燒結(jié)溫度沒有改變MgAl2O4主晶格相的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)
圖2MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后的產(chǎn)物和MgAl2O4的XRD圖譜
Fig.2XRD patterns of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures
2.2 紅外光譜分析
紅外光譜是分析樣品中官能團(tuán)的有效手段
圖3給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的FTIR圖譜
由圖3可見,所有樣品均出現(xiàn)了1640和3441 cm-1的吸收峰,且隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高吸收峰的強(qiáng)度逐漸減弱
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[18~20],1640和3441 cm-1的吸收峰可分別歸因于吸附水的彎曲和伸縮振動(dòng)模式
MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在600~800℃的燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物,有兩個(gè)有機(jī)物的吸收峰
位于2925和2834 cm-1的兩個(gè)吸收峰,可分別歸因于-CH在-CH和-CH2的伸縮振動(dòng)和碳酸根離子[21,22]
此外,一個(gè)位于1431 cm-1的碳酸根離子吸收峰直到燒結(jié)溫度達(dá)到900℃才消失[22]
在短波數(shù)段,859、693和503 cm-1的吸收峰可分別歸因于AlO4四面體配位的伸縮振動(dòng)[23]、MgAl2O4中Mg-O的伸縮振動(dòng)[10,24]和AlO6八面體配位的伸縮振動(dòng)[25,26]
MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在900或1000℃的燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物,出現(xiàn)一個(gè)位于428 cm-1的新吸收峰,可歸因于MgO中Mg-O的伸縮振動(dòng)[27~30]
由此可見,紅外光譜也證實(shí)了鎂顆粒在900℃以上燒結(jié)氧化成了MgO
與文獻(xiàn)[8]對(duì)比,在鋁酸鎂前驅(qū)體中引入鎂顆粒抑制了鋁酸鎂相的形成
圖3MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的FTIR圖譜
Fig.3FTIR spectra of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures
2.3 表面形貌分析
圖4給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)獲得產(chǎn)物的SEM照片
從圖4可以看出,得到的產(chǎn)物呈方便面形狀
對(duì)其正面和側(cè)面觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),在方便面形狀之上還有一些細(xì)的顆粒
這表明,在MgAl2O4前驅(qū)體中引入鎂顆粒使MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的形貌發(fā)生了很大變化[8]
其原因是,鎂顆粒在常溫水溶液中不發(fā)生反應(yīng);當(dāng)將檸檬酸絡(luò)合物、丙烯酰胺和亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺引入前驅(qū)體溶液中時(shí),需要升溫使丙烯酰胺和亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺聚合,達(dá)到二者聚合的臨界溫度時(shí)形成三維網(wǎng)狀的聚丙烯酰胺,聚丙烯酰胺將包絡(luò)檸檬酸絡(luò)合物和鎂顆粒;在高溫下鎂顆粒迅速發(fā)生放熱反應(yīng)釋放出氣體,使檸檬酸絡(luò)合物結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生彎曲粘連;在高溫?zé)Y(jié)時(shí)除去有機(jī)物雜質(zhì),很容易得到粘連團(tuán)聚的方便面形狀的MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉
因?yàn)榈玫侥z非???,鎂顆粒雖然發(fā)生了放熱反應(yīng)卻很難發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的反應(yīng),由此用XRD、FTIR光譜分析800℃燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物難以發(fā)現(xiàn)其它類型的鎂氧化物或氫氧化物
根據(jù)楊華等[31,32]的報(bào)道,用兩步聚丙烯酰胺凝膠法很容易得到0~3型核殼結(jié)構(gòu)金屬氧化物復(fù)合物
由于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的限制,本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)只能推測(cè)出鎂顆粒在較低溫度燒結(jié)很難氧化
圖4MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的SEM照片
Fig.4SEM images of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at 800°C (a) overall view; (b) front view; (c) lateral view
2.4 光學(xué)性質(zhì)
紫外可見漫反射光譜可用于分析合成樣品的顏色性質(zhì)、光吸收能力和能帶(Eg)值
圖5a給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的紫外可見漫反射光譜
可以看出,所有樣品的反射率隨著波長(zhǎng)的增大先下降后提高
在600℃煅燒的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末的反射率在<250 nm和320~750 nm波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)最低
在700℃煅燒的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末的反射率在250~320 nm和>750 nm波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了反常
變化趨勢(shì)表明,在600℃煅燒的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末的反射率曲線與其它幾個(gè)樣品不同,得到的樣品還處于非晶態(tài)
在700℃煅燒的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末的反射率在<230 nm的范圍比其它樣品高,表明相純度和結(jié)晶度對(duì)樣品的反射率有極大的影響
當(dāng)MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)時(shí),產(chǎn)物的反射率曲線基本趨于穩(wěn)定
繼續(xù)提高燒結(jié)溫度則出現(xiàn)MgO,導(dǎo)致200~450 nm范圍內(nèi)反射率的變化較大
由紫外可見漫反射光譜可知,MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的顏色可能不同
圖5MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的紫外可見漫反射光譜和紫外可見吸收光譜
Fig.5UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (a), UV-Vis absorption spectra (b) of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[33,34]可計(jì)算MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的顏色坐標(biāo)(L*, a*, b*)、色度參數(shù)(c*)、色彩角(H°)和色差(ECIE*),這里L(fēng)*代表黑色(0)→白色(100),a*代表綠色(-)→紅色(+)和b*代表藍(lán)色(-)→黃色(+)
通過(guò)計(jì)算,表1給出了MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的顏色坐標(biāo)(L*, a*, b*)、色度參數(shù)(c*)、色彩角(H°)和色差(ECIE*)
對(duì)于白顏色的樣品,主要觀察L*值的變化
從表1可以看出,L*值隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高先增加后減小
當(dāng)樣品的結(jié)晶度較低甚至處于非晶態(tài)時(shí),L*值約為55.878,顏色為灰棕色,與圖6(1)中樣品的實(shí)物照片一致
L*值隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高而增加,主要是MgAl2O4的結(jié)晶度增加,顏色達(dá)到穩(wěn)定
進(jìn)一步提高燒結(jié)溫度時(shí),MgO成相,導(dǎo)致其L*值有所下降
從表1也可以看出,ECIE*的變化趨勢(shì)與L*值一致
b*和c*的值隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高而減小,而a*和H°呈無(wú)規(guī)則變化
雖然如此,卻不影響樣品顏色的判斷,實(shí)物照片如圖6所示
在800℃煅燒的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末的L*值最大,說(shuō)明該樣品具有最亮的白色(圖6(3))
在1000℃燒結(jié)的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末,樣品由亮白色稍微變暗
從漫反射譜中可以看出,燒結(jié)溫度為700℃~800℃的樣品其反射率發(fā)生了很大的變化,色度參數(shù)的變化已非常大,樣品的顏色也由白中帶灰變?yōu)榘咨?其主要原因是,在燒結(jié)過(guò)程中MgAl2O4:Mg前驅(qū)體有機(jī)物雜質(zhì)迅速減少,MgAl2O4主晶格衍射峰強(qiáng)度,如圖2所示
這一現(xiàn)象,MgFe2O4干凝膠在500和600℃燒結(jié)時(shí)也能被觀察到[34]
Table 1
表1
表1MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的色度參數(shù)和Eg值
Table 1Color coordinates and Eg values of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures
Sample
|
Color coordinates
|
Eg /eV
|
L*
|
a*
|
b*
|
c*
|
Ho
|
ECIE*
|
600
|
55.878
|
5.226
|
13.080
|
14.085
|
68.221
|
57.626
|
2.090
|
700
|
70.892
|
0.345
|
10.249
|
10.296
|
88.072
|
71.636
|
3.643
|
800
|
98.318
|
-0.497
|
4.307
|
4.336
|
-83.418
|
98.414
|
3.803
|
900
|
98.049
|
-0.531
|
3.055
|
3.101
|
-80.140
|
98.098
|
4.027
|
1000
|
97.652
|
-0.161
|
2.391
|
2.396
|
-86.148
|
97.681
|
3.970
|
圖6MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的實(shí)物照片
Fig.6Real photos of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures (1) 600℃; (2) 700℃; (3) 800℃; (4) 900℃; (5) 1000℃
根據(jù)Kubelka-Munk(K-M)理論可將MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的紫外可見漫反射光譜轉(zhuǎn)換為紫外-可見吸收光譜[27]
圖5b給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的紫外可見吸收光譜圖
對(duì)于在600?C燒結(jié)的MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末得到的非晶態(tài)樣品,在200~850 nm波長(zhǎng)范圍具有很寬的吸收帶
與MgAl2O4相比,得到了類似的結(jié)果,可見非晶態(tài)的樣品的光吸收能力類似
當(dāng)燒結(jié)溫度提高到700?C時(shí),光吸收范圍縮減為200~500 nm
在274 nm觀察到一個(gè)強(qiáng)的吸收峰,是陰離子空位F+心引起的[35]
隨著燒結(jié)溫度進(jìn)一步提高,在215和452 nm觀察到兩個(gè)新的吸收峰,可分別被歸因于MgO中的F心[35]和O2--Al3+間的電荷轉(zhuǎn)移[36]
紫外可見吸收光譜分析結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,在900℃燒結(jié)出現(xiàn)了MgO相,且燒結(jié)溫度和Mg顆粒對(duì)整個(gè)體系的顏色和光吸收性質(zhì)有重要的影響
基于公式(6)[33,37],可計(jì)算出MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的帶隙能(Eg)值
(F(R)hν)n=A(hν-Eg)
式中h、v、Eg和A分別為普朗克常數(shù)、頻率、帶隙能值和吸收系數(shù)
圖7是MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同燒結(jié)溫度獲得產(chǎn)物的Eg值
所合成樣品的Eg值由(F(R)hv)2 vs (hv)最陡處的斜率的截距而得,結(jié)果如圖7f所示和表1所示
MgAl2O4:Mg的Eg值隨燒結(jié)溫度的升高先增大后減小
樣品Eg值的增加可能是由于MgAl2O4:Mg樣品中有機(jī)官能團(tuán)隨著燒結(jié)溫度的升高而減少和結(jié)晶度的提高所致
但燒結(jié)溫度升高到1000℃后,MgAl2O4:Mg樣品的Eg值減小,主要是由于結(jié)晶度和MgO的協(xié)同作用所致
圖7MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在不同溫度燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的Eg值及其與燒結(jié)溫度的關(guān)系
Fig.7Egvalues of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at different temperatures (a) 600℃; (b) 700℃; (c) 800℃; (d) 900℃; (e) 1000℃; (f) relationship between Eg value and sintering temperature
2.5 發(fā)光性質(zhì)
圖8給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的熒光光譜圖
從圖8可見,熒光光譜集中在635~690 nm波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)
使用Origin 8.0軟件可將其擬合為三個(gè)高斯峰,分別位于650、656和680 nm
對(duì)于純MgAl2O4,在395和425 nm處可觀察到兩個(gè)熒光峰[8]
而引入鎂顆粒后,395和425 nm兩個(gè)熒光峰淬滅
Kato等[38]發(fā)現(xiàn),MgO陶瓷在600 nm附近有一強(qiáng)發(fā)射峰,但是沒有分析其機(jī)理
Panin等[39]用簡(jiǎn)單的濕化學(xué)法合成了顆粒尺寸約為500 nm的MgO,在696 nm附近出現(xiàn)一個(gè)點(diǎn)缺陷引起的強(qiáng)熒光發(fā)射峰
Cui等[40]用共沉淀法合成了純MgO,在325 nm波長(zhǎng)的光激發(fā)下在650和666 nm出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)熒光發(fā)射峰
這些發(fā)射峰是氧空位、鎂空位、間隙氧和缺陷引起的
對(duì)于在900和1000℃燒結(jié)得到的MgAl2O4:Mg樣品,其發(fā)射峰主要由氧空位和鎂空位引起
圖8MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的熒光光譜
Fig.8Fluorescence spectra of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at 800℃
圖9給出了MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的色度圖
色度圖基于MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物的熒光光譜和使用CIE 1931色度軟件計(jì)算的結(jié)果
從圖9可見,CIE色度坐標(biāo)值為(x, y)=(0.7254, 0.2746),表現(xiàn)為紅色發(fā)光
燈用的三基色紅色熒光粉使用的是氧化釔銪,只能發(fā)射611 nm的紅光
MgAl2O4:Mg具有較長(zhǎng)的紅色發(fā)光范圍,在LED中摻雜適量的紅色熒光粉有利于改善顯色性及色溫
因此,MgAl2O4:Mg是一種潛在的燈用紅色熒光粉[41,42]
圖9MgAl2O4:Mg干凝膠粉末在800℃燒結(jié)后產(chǎn)物的色度
Fig.9CIE diagram of MgAl2O4:Mg xerogel powders calcined at 800℃
隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高峰的強(qiáng)度發(fā)生了變化,而峰的位置幾乎不變
圖10給出了650 nm的熒光發(fā)射峰熒光強(qiáng)度與燒結(jié)溫度的關(guān)系
由圖10可知,隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高熒光強(qiáng)度逐漸減弱
對(duì)于在600~800℃燒結(jié)的MgAl2O4:Mg樣品,熒光強(qiáng)度的降低可能是有機(jī)物官能團(tuán)的減少引起的
當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)溫度提高到900和1000℃,熒光強(qiáng)度進(jìn)一步減弱,是整個(gè)體系結(jié)晶度的提高減少了氧空位、鎂空位以及缺陷等的含量所致
同時(shí),熒光強(qiáng)度的降低與MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的Eg值增加也有一定關(guān)系
這表明,MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的發(fā)光性能主要受雜質(zhì)、Eg值、空位和缺陷等的協(xié)同作用的影響
圖10熒光強(qiáng)度與燒結(jié)溫度的關(guān)系
Fig.10Relationship between luminescence intensity at 650 nm and sintering temperature
2.6 發(fā)光機(jī)理
基于能帶排列理論構(gòu)建的多元復(fù)合物半導(dǎo)體增強(qiáng)發(fā)光的能帶排列方式,有I型能帶排列、II型能帶排列和III型能帶排列[43~46]
MgAl2O4:Mg屬于特殊的II型能帶排列
為了詳細(xì)的分析MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的發(fā)光機(jī)理,圖11給出了MgAl2O4和Mg顆粒的能級(jí)圖
根據(jù)能帶理論,激光照射到MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉,使電子從MgAl2O4的價(jià)帶躍遷到導(dǎo)帶,從而在價(jià)帶留下空穴
躍遷到導(dǎo)帶的電子,一部分經(jīng)由費(fèi)米能級(jí)進(jìn)入鎂顆粒的價(jià)帶
由于金屬顆粒的導(dǎo)帶和價(jià)帶重合電子很容易躍遷到其導(dǎo)帶,通過(guò)表面等離子體共振(SPR)散射回MgAl2O4的導(dǎo)帶[47,48]
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[47],這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致主晶格相的帶邊發(fā)射淬滅
MgAl2O4的熒光發(fā)射峰集中在395和425 nm,而本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)中并未觀察到相關(guān)的熒光發(fā)射峰,就是這一原因所致
此外,躍遷到MgAl2O4導(dǎo)帶的電子在缺陷能級(jí)等的作用下弛豫到更低的能級(jí),進(jìn)而與價(jià)帶空穴復(fù)合,多余的能量以光子的形式釋放
較高能級(jí)上的電子繼續(xù)向更低能級(jí)弛豫,最終與MgAl2O4導(dǎo)帶的空穴復(fù)合并發(fā)射光子
由此可見,將鎂顆粒引入到MgAl2O4系統(tǒng)中使MgAl2O4的本征發(fā)射淬滅,在缺陷等的作用下產(chǎn)生了新的熒光發(fā)射峰
圖11MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉的發(fā)光機(jī)理
Fig.11Photoluminescence mechanism of MgAl2O4:Mg phosphors
3 結(jié)論
用超聲輔助聚丙烯酰胺凝膠法可合成新穎的方便面型MgAl2O4:Mg熒光粉
在MgAl2O4體系中引入Mg金屬顆粒抑制了MgAl2O4相的形成,且只有在900℃及以上的溫度燒結(jié)鎂顆粒才能氧化成MgO
隨著燒結(jié)溫度的提高能帶值先增大后稍減小,顏色由暗棕色變?yōu)榘咨?鎂顆粒的引入使MgAl2O4本征發(fā)射峰淬滅,主要是金屬顆粒的表面等離子體共振所致;在650、656和680 nm出現(xiàn)三個(gè)新的熒光發(fā)射峰,是缺陷能級(jí)引起的
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